G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, toplam enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n % 90\u2019\u0131n\u0131 fosil kaynakl\u0131 yak\u0131tlar te\u015fkil etmekte ve bunlar\u0131n %45\u2019i petrole dayanmaktad\u0131r. Petrol\u00fcn fosil kaynakl\u0131 yak\u0131tlar i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 ve 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde %58\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle sanayile\u015fme ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme ile birlikte t\u00fcketimi artan petrol, Orta Do\u011fu \u00fclkelerinin elinde bulunmakta ve petrol fiyatlar\u0131 yine Orta Do\u011fu \u00fclkelerinin \u00e7o\u011funlukta bulundu\u011fu bir kartel taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmektedir. Bu olgu, farkl\u0131 ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131lardaki \u00fclkeleri birbirine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale getirmekte ve petrol piyasas\u0131na spek\u00fclatif bir yap\u0131 kazand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece, petrol, herhangi bir maden olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, uluslararas\u0131 siyasi ve ekonomik stratejilerin \u015fekillenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir etkene d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya petrol rezervleri, \u00fcretimi, t\u00fcketimi, ithalat\u0131 ve ihracat\u0131nda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fclkelerin belirlenmesinin ard\u0131ndan, petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015ften bu yana geli\u015fimi ve petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen dinamikler \u00fczerinde durulmu\u015ftur. D\u00fcnyadaki petrol piyasas\u0131 \u00fczerine ortaya konanlardan sonra, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin petrol ithalat\u0131, ihracat\u0131, ekonomisinin petrole ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, petrol arama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, enerji ve petrol \u00fcretimi ve t\u00fcketimi ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumu konular\u0131 incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu ekonomik ve siyasi \u00e7evreyi de\u011ferlendirerek karar veren veya ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan birey, \u015firket veya kurumlara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, konuyla ilgili \u00e7e\u015fitli istatistiki veriler ve makaleler derlenmi\u015f ve yorumlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ula\u015ft\u0131rma, sanayi, enerji, konut ve tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131nda yo\u011fun olarak kullan\u0131lan petrol, ad\u0131n\u0131 Yunanca-Latince\u2019de ta\u015f anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cpetra\u201d ile ya\u011f anlam\u0131na gelen \u201coleum\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinden almaktad\u0131r. Petrol yer alt\u0131nda rezervuar denen kumta\u015flar\u0131 veya kire\u00e7ta\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu \u015fekilde adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Petrol denince; do\u011fal halde bulunan ve yeralt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u201cham petrol\u201d anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Petrol; koyu renkli, yap\u0131\u015fkan ve yan\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r. Metan, etan, propan, b\u00fctan gibi bir tak\u0131m hidrokarbonlar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan meydana gelmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zel bir kimyasal bile\u015fimi yoktur. Farkl\u0131 kimyasal bile\u015fimlere sahip hidrokarbonlar, farkl\u0131 petrol tiplerini meydana getirirler. Ancak, ham olarak petrol\u00fcn kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ham petrol s\u0131v\u0131 halinde genellikle kahverengi, koyu ye\u015fil veya siyah renktedir. Yo\u011funlu\u011fu, kimyasal bile\u015fimine ve viskozitesine (yap\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k) g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. En hafif olarak bilinen Rus petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 0.650 gr\/cm3 ve en a\u011f\u0131r olarak bilinen Meksika petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise 1.080 gr\/cm3\u2019t\u00fcr. Bug\u00fcn petrol end\u00fcstrisinde petrol\u00fcn \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerine, bununla ters orant\u0131l\u0131 A.P.I. Gravite derecesi kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Gravite b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e yo\u011funluk k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmekte ve petrol\u00fcn kalitesi y\u00fckselmektedir. Viskozite de\u011feri y\u00fcksek olan petrol ise boru hatt\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kolayca akamamaktad\u0131r.[1]\n
Ham petrol\u00fcn rafine edilmesi ile daha de\u011ferli \u00fcr\u00fcnler elde edilir. Bunlar, \u00fcretim s\u0131ras\u0131yla, rafineri yak\u0131t gaz\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f petrol gaz\u0131 (LPG), nafta, normal benzin, s\u00fcper benzin, kur\u015funsuz benzin, solvent, jet yak\u0131t\u0131, gazya\u011f\u0131, motorin, kalorifer yak\u0131t\u0131, fuel oil, asfalt, madeni ya\u011f ve di\u011ferleridir.[2] Ya\u011flar ve asfalt gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnler ham petrol\u00fcn rafine edilmesiyle elde edilen yak\u0131tlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00fcr\u00fcnler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ham petrol\u00fcn ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ile parf\u00fcm ve b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli ikincil \u00fcr\u00fcnler de elde edilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 petrokimya sanayilerinde girdi veya destek \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Temel petrokimya \u00fcr\u00fcnleri etil, propilen, benzen, amonyak, metanol<\/p>\n
<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
G\u0130R\u0130\u015e G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, toplam enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n % 90\u2019\u0131n\u0131 fosil kaynakl\u0131 yak\u0131tlar te\u015fkil etmekte ve bunlar\u0131n %45\u2019i petrole dayanmaktad\u0131r. Petrol\u00fcn fosil kaynakl\u0131 yak\u0131tlar i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 ve 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde %58\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 beklenmektedir. \u00d6zellikle sanayile\u015fme ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme ile birlikte t\u00fcketimi artan petrol, Orta Do\u011fu \u00fclkelerinin elinde bulunmakta ve petrol fiyatlar\u0131 yine Orta Do\u011fu \u00fclkelerinin \u00e7o\u011funlukta bulundu\u011fu bir …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":617,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[86],"tags":[43],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/616"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=616"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/616\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2555,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/616\/revisions\/2555"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/617"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=616"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=616"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=616"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}