{"id":632,"date":"2014-05-30T14:09:46","date_gmt":"2014-05-30T11:09:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/?p=632"},"modified":"2015-03-31T10:16:46","modified_gmt":"2015-03-31T07:16:46","slug":"globallesme-nedir-ve-ulke-ekonomisine-etkileri-nelerdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/globallesme-nedir-ve-ulke-ekonomisine-etkileri-nelerdir\/","title":{"rendered":"GLOBALLE\u015eME NED\u0130R ve \u00dcLKE EKONOM\u0130S\u0130NE ETK\u0130LER\u0130 NELERD\u0130R?"},"content":{"rendered":"

M. \u0130lyas BOZKURT<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Rahmetli \u00d6zal 83\u2019te ba\u015fbakan oldu. 83\u201386 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 politikalarla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi d\u00fcnya ekonomisine a\u00e7t\u0131. Ve biz de liberal ekonomiye ge\u00e7tik ve b\u00f6ylece globalle\u015fmenin etki alan\u0131na, frekans alan\u0131na girdik.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te yerel \u015firketler, yerel marketler olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Eskiden mahalle bakkallar\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131. Her mahallede, her sokakta bir mahalle bakkal\u0131 olurdu. Evine giden adam, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc market al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finde bug\u00fcn ne al\u0131yorsa onu bakkaldan al\u0131rd\u0131 ve o bakkal\u0131n hemen yan\u0131nda kasap olurdu; kasaba gider oradan etini al\u0131rd\u0131. Oradan \u00e7\u0131kar, yan d\u00fckk\u00e2ndaki \u015fark\u00fcteriden yo\u011furdunu, yumurtas\u0131n\u0131, s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc, peynirini al\u0131rd\u0131. B\u00f6yle bir mahalle k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131. Taksitle, veresiye, deftere yazd\u0131rarak al\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sonra s\u00fcper marketler a\u00e7\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Vatanda\u015f her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131, etini, s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc, market, kasap ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 vs. daha ucuza alma imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip oldu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00fcper marketler, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal\u0131 ana toptanc\u0131s\u0131ndan ve nakit olarak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in al\u0131mdan kazan\u0131yor, bundan dolay\u0131 da fiyatlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekebiliyor. S\u00fcpermarket fiyat k\u0131r\u0131nca da mahalle bakkal\u0131 bunun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda rekabet edemez duruma geliyordu. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Mesela, Bursa\u2019da A Marketi 2. \u015fubesini bir mahalleye, 3. \u015fubesini ba\u015fka mahalleye, 4. \u015fubesini bir ba\u015fka mahalleye a\u00e7maya ba\u015flad\u0131. Neticede, \u015fehirlerde yerel, o \u015fehir a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan milli marketler olu\u015ftu. Kayseri\u2019de, Konya\u2019da bu \u015fekilde yerel \u015firketler olu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

90\u2019lardan itibaren bu market zincirlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 yerel alandan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. Ve civar \u015fehirlere, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlere do\u011fru a\u00e7\u0131larak market zincirleri kurmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu arada da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki b\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye patronlar\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye g\u00fcc\u00fc olan i\u015fadamlar\u0131 bakt\u0131lar ki bu i\u015fte iyi para var, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bu i\u015fi yapan Carrefour gibi, Real gibi, Migros gibi dev firmalarla anla\u015farak, onlar\u0131n isim hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak Carrefour, Real, Migros ad\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck al\u0131\u015f veri\u015f markerleri kurdular. Ve televizyonlardan da devaml\u0131 bu \u015firketlerin reklamlar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bir anda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin her taraf\u0131nda Bat\u0131 merkezli al\u0131\u015f-veri\u015f merkezleri olu\u015ftu. Onlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bizim yerel marketlerimiz mahalle bakkal\u0131 gibi kald\u0131. Hem \u00e7e\u015fidin fazla olu\u015fu, hem metrekare alanlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck olu\u015fu, al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fe gelen insanlara e\u011flenme imk\u00e2n\u0131, \u00e7ocuklara oyun park imk\u00e2n\u0131 sunmalar\u0131 buralar\u0131 daha cazip hale getirdi. Tabiri caiz ise, hafta sonu ailece gidilip, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f yap\u0131l\u0131p, e\u011flenilip g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc ge\u00e7irebilece\u011fimiz modern d\u00fcnyan\u0131n sosyal mekanlar\u0131 haline geldiler.<\/p>\n

Zamanla mahalle bakkallar\u0131, yerel s\u00fcper marketlere, s\u00fcpermarketler de hipermarketlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Mahalle marketlerini s\u00fcper marketler nas\u0131l yok etti ise, bug\u00fcn de hipermarketler de s\u00fcpermarketleri yok etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bunlar b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp veya birle\u015fip, bir Carrefour\u2019a, bir Migros\u2019a rakip olabilecek tesisler kuramazlarsa; -ki sermaye yetmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in kuram\u0131yorlar- dayanamay\u0131p kapanmak zorunda kal\u0131yorlar. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck marketlerin say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a, y\u00fczlerce bakkal, kasap, manav, \u015farkuteri vs. kapanmaya ve yine binlerce insan i\u015fsiz kalmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Peki bu insanlar nereye gidiyor? Bu adam patrondu, yan\u0131nda 2-3 tane i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu ve bu adamla beraber yan\u0131ndakiler de i\u015fsiz kald\u0131. Bu adam bir yerde maa\u015fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130ste bu durum globalle\u015fmenin tabii bir neticesidir.<\/p>\n

Yine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, \u015fehir merkezinde bir s\u00fcr\u00fc in\u015faat malzemesi satan, laminant parke satan firma var. Bu firmalar 100\u2013150 m d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde sat\u0131\u015f yap\u0131yor. Buralar da bir s\u00fcr\u00fc insan \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Globalle\u015fen d\u00fcnya, dev yap\u0131 marketlerini do\u011furdu. Tekzen gibi, \u0130kea gibi, Praktiker gibi, Bauhaus gibi dev yap\u0131 marketleri isim ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaparak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ma\u011fazalar a\u00e7t\u0131lar. Bu marketlerde \u00e7ok basit bir in\u015faat malzemesini, fayanstan jakuzisine, duvar boyas\u0131ndan duvar k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131na kadar akl\u0131n\u0131za ne geliyorsa in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn kalemlerini bulabiliyorsunuz. Bu firmalar di\u011fer ma\u011fazalardan \u00e7ok daha ucuza sat\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc toptan ve pe\u015fin alabiliyor. Bu firmalar ucuza satmakla kalm\u0131yor, al\u0131c\u0131ya finansman kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131da sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bunlarla esnaf\u0131n rekabet etmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren \u00f6nce \u0130stanbul, sonra di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde a\u00e7\u0131lan bu firmalar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde say\u0131lar\u0131 artacak ve mahalle bakkallar\u0131 teker teker nas\u0131l kapand\u0131 ise, in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde i\u015f yapan firmalar\u0131n da teker teker kapan\u0131p gitti\u011fini g\u00f6receksiniz.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi de tekstilde globalle\u015fme hareketi ba\u015flad\u0131. Bir \u00e7ok firma bu s\u00fcrece girdi ve art\u0131k global \u015firketler olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6nce \u0130stanbul\u2019da sonra yava\u015f yava\u015f di\u011fer \u015fehirlerde de olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bir ma\u011fazaya giriyorsunuz A markas\u0131ndan Z markas\u0131na kadar, en \u00fcst kaliteli markalar bir ma\u011fazan\u0131n i\u00e7ine toplanm\u0131\u015f. Al\u0131\u015f veri\u015f yapmak isteyen buralara gidiyor ve buralardan al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f yap\u0131yor. Mesela, Bursa\u2019da Zafer Plaza, As Merkez, Kent Meydan\u0131 Gibi AVM\u2019ler, kapal\u0131 \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 gibi, alt\u0131parmak gibi, heykel gibi cadde \u00fcst\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131k k\u0131yafet satan, ayakkab\u0131 vs satan esnaf\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Buna bilgisayar sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki globalle\u015fmeyi de \u00f6rnek verebiliriz. Bursa\u2019da bilgisayar ve bilgisayar aksesuar\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ayakta duran y\u00fczlerce firma var. Yeni a\u00e7\u0131lmakta olan Gold, Vatan, Elektro World gibi dev firmalar, y\u00fczlerce k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck firmay\u0131 kapanmak zorunda b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r. Bursa i\u00e7in vermi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz bu \u00f6rnek t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n

Globalle\u015fme bu \u015fekilde b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek gidiyor. Peki bu i\u015fin sonu ne olacak? Bu i\u015fin sonunda, bir \u00fclkenin %5 i patron, %95\u2019i maa\u015fla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan durumuna d\u00fc\u015fecek. \u015eu andaki gidi\u015fat buna do\u011fu gidiyor. Yani efendiler ve k\u00f6leler, d\u00fcnya bu d\u00fczene do\u011fru gidiyor. \u015eimdi buradaki efendiler kim olacak bu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli.<\/p>\n

Globalle\u015fme mutlaka olacak bunu engellemenin imk\u00e2n\u0131 yok, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu do\u011fal bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir, suni bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 de\u011fildir. Teknolojinin geli\u015fmesi ile ileti\u015fimin geli\u015fmesi ile, ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n geli\u015fmesi ile d\u00fcnyada s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n kalk\u0131p uluslararas\u0131 ticaret ve hukukun geli\u015fmesi ile do\u011fal bir seyir halinde geli\u015fen bir durumdur. Bunu engelleyemezsiniz.<\/p>\n

Peki globalle\u015fme nas\u0131l olacak? Hemen marka olay\u0131m, daha \u00e7ok kazanay\u0131m h\u0131rs\u0131 ile davranarak, Amerikan \u015firketlerinden isim al\u0131p ve kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n paran\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Amerika\u2019ya bedavadan \u00f6deyerek ve b\u00fct\u00fcn piyasay\u0131, bakkal\u0131n\u0131, kasab\u0131n\u0131 kurutup, t\u00fcm sekt\u00f6rlerde ipleri yabanc\u0131 \u015firketlerin eline verip, \u00fclkeyi Amerika\u2019n\u0131n \u015fubesi durumuna getiren bir globalle\u015fme olacaksa, bu globalle\u015fme \u00e7ok tehlikelidir. Bu globalle\u015fmenin faydal\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek zor. 100 sene sonra, belki 100 seneye kalmayacak, 70 milyon halk, 70 ki\u015finin, bilemedin 100-200, belki 500 tane patronun i\u015f\u00e7isi haline gelecek. 500 tane patron ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en geli\u015fmi\u015f 500 holdingi bir tarafta ve 70 milyon insan bunun i\u015f\u00e7isi olacak.<\/p>\n

Globalle\u015fme deyince b\u00f6yle teknik kelimeler kullan\u0131l\u0131r, insan\u0131n kula\u011f\u0131na ho\u015f gelir, ama iyi analiz etti\u011finiz zaman gidi\u015fat b\u00f6yle de\u011fildir. Halbuki bat\u0131l\u0131 ekonomistler, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ileri gelen ekonomistleri \u201cgloballe\u015fmek iyidir\u201d diyor. Diyecek tabi. Adam Amerika\u2019da ya\u015f\u0131yor. Carrefour\u2019un, Tekzen\u2019in, Real \u015firketinin sahibi bir T\u00fcrk ise, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u015firketler, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her taraf\u0131n\u0131 kollar\u0131yla sarm\u0131\u015fsa, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her taraf\u0131nda T\u00fcrk kazan\u0131yorsa ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye para ak\u0131yorsa, b\u00f6yle globalle\u015fmeye can kurban.<\/p>\n

O zaman b\u00fcy\u00fck devlet olman\u0131n yolu bu globalle\u015fmeyi lehine \u00e7evirmekten ge\u00e7iyor. Yine Sabanc\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, Ko\u00e7\u2019un \u015firketleri olsun, ama ad\u0131 Carrefour olmas\u0131n, T\u00fcrk ad\u0131 olsun, sermayenin bitti\u011fi nokta T\u00fcrkiye olsun, T\u00fcrk sermayesi olsun. Orta Asya elimizin alt\u0131nda, Orta Do\u011fu elimizin alt\u0131nda, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131 elimizin alt\u0131nda. Gidelim buralarda \u015fube a\u00e7al\u0131m ve biz kazanal\u0131m, T\u00fcrkler kazans\u0131n, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar kazans\u0131n, beraber b\u00fcy\u00fcyelim. Globalle\u015fmeyi kendi lehimize \u00e7evirmenin yolu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, \u00f6zellikle \u0130stanbul merkezli d\u00fcnya \u015firketleri \u00e7\u0131kartmas\u0131d\u0131r. Amerikan ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, \u0130ngiliz ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayanan de\u011fil, y\u00fczde y\u00fcz T\u00fcrk sermayeli olmal\u0131, ba\u015f\u0131ndaki y\u00f6netici de T\u00fcrk olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn uluslararas\u0131 dev \u015firketlere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Amerikan \u015firketi, geriye kalanlar\u0131 \u0130ngiliz, Alman, Frans\u0131z, Japon \u015firketleri. \u00c7ok az miktarda da Arap ve Rus \u015firketleri var. Ama pastan\u0131n %80\u2019lik bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer T\u00fcrkiye bende var\u0131m diyebilecekse, ki bir s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7 olabilmenin ana kaidelerinden birisi budur, bunlar\u0131 yapmadan s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7 olamazs\u0131n\u0131z, mutlaka dev \u015firketler olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Globalle\u015fmeyi durdurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, akan bir nehrin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7erek, akarsuyu durdurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya benzer. Globalle\u015fmeyi engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak yerine, kanalize etmek daha do\u011fru bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. Yani akan nehri kendi tarlam\u0131za y\u00f6nlendirmeliyiz.<\/p>\n

Bu globalle\u015fme tehlikesini mutlaka lehimize \u00e7evirmemiz laz\u0131m. Bunun yolu da, T\u00fcrk sermayeli, bu \u00fclkede \u00fcretip bu \u00fclkede satma, bu \u00fclkeyi b\u00fcy\u00fctme hayalini ve sevdas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan i\u015fadamlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek d\u00fcnya \u015firketleri haline gelmelerinden ge\u00e7iyor.<\/p>\n

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M. \u0130lyas BOZKURT Rahmetli \u00d6zal 83\u2019te ba\u015fbakan oldu. 83\u201386 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 politikalarla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi d\u00fcnya ekonomisine a\u00e7t\u0131. Ve biz de liberal ekonomiye ge\u00e7tik ve b\u00f6ylece globalle\u015fmenin etki alan\u0131na, frekans alan\u0131na girdik. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te yerel \u015firketler, yerel marketler olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Eskiden mahalle bakkallar\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131. Her mahallede, her sokakta bir mahalle bakkal\u0131 olurdu. Evine giden adam, her …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":633,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/632"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=632"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/632\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":634,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/632\/revisions\/634"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=632"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}