{"id":683,"date":"2014-05-30T14:54:40","date_gmt":"2014-05-30T11:54:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/?p=683"},"modified":"2016-11-03T15:06:10","modified_gmt":"2016-11-03T13:06:10","slug":"bankalar-uretimden-ziyade-tuketimi-finanse-ediyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/bankalar-uretimden-ziyade-tuketimi-finanse-ediyor\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cBANKALAR \u00dcRET\u0130MDEN Z\u0130YADE T\u00dcKET\u0130M\u0130 F\u0130NANSE ED\u0130YOR\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Halil \u0130. Y\u0131lmaz<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201c\u2026 2001 krizi sonras\u0131 izlenen politikalar ile konut ve otomobil harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik eden politikalar, tasarruf yerine t\u00fcketim yapma davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 cazip hale getirmi\u015ftir. Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn fon kaynak maliyetinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6reli olarak yine k\u00fcresel likidite bollu\u011fu nedeni ile yabanc\u0131 para cinsinden fonlara y\u00f6nelmesi bu e\u011filimin besleyicisi olmu\u015ftur. Yani hanehalk\u0131 art\u0131k bankalar\u0131n pasif taraf\u0131 (fon kayna\u011f\u0131) i\u00e7in de\u011fil, aktif taraf\u0131 (fon kullan\u0131m\u0131) i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli hale geldi. T\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmelerin bir sonucu olarak hanehalk\u0131 bor\u00e7lanma oran\u0131 (borcun harcanabilir gelire oran\u0131) 2003\u2019te y\u00fczde 7,5 iken, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 51,7 d\u00fczeyine ula\u015ft\u0131. \u201dBu ifadeler T\u00fcrkiye Bankalar Birli\u011fi&#8217;nin bir yay\u0131n\u0131na ait.&nbsp;<\/span><br style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Evet, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz hafta Rekabet Kurulu&#8217;nun rekabeti ihlal ettikleri gerek\u00e7esiyle 12 bankaya toplam 1,1 milyar TL ceza kesmesi, dikkatleri yeniden bankalara ve bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne \u00e7ekti. Bu olay\u0131n en manidar yan\u0131 ise, i\u015fin i\u00e7inde kamu bankalar\u0131n\u0131n da bulunuyor olmas\u0131. Rekabet Kurulu&#8217;nun tespitine g\u00f6re, maalesef kamu bankalar\u0131 da \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r bankalar\u0131yla bir olmu\u015f, m\u00fc\u015fteri aleyhine rekabeti ihlal etmi\u015f.&nbsp;<\/span><br style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Gelelim as\u0131l konumuza&#8230; Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc 2012 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczde 12,6 b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek ve 23,6 milyar TL kar ederek kapatt\u0131. Di\u011fer hi\u00e7 bir sekt\u00f6rde bu kadar kar etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Fon toplama faizleri ile fon kulland\u0131rma faizleri aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urum ve tabii ki vatanda\u015ftan al\u0131nan y\u00fcksek i\u015flem \u00fccretleri, aidat vs. paralar, bu y\u00fcksek k\u00e2rlar\u0131n temel sebebidir.<\/span><br style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Siyasi istikrardan ve d\u00fcnyadaki para bollu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 bankalar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli faaliyeti, yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck faizle para getirip y\u00fcksek faizle vatanda\u015fa para satmak oldu. Kanuni bir engel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de kimse bir \u015fey yapam\u0131yor. Bankalar\u0131n verdi\u011fi kredilere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ise, \u015fu \u00e7ok dikkat \u00e7ekiyor: Bankalar\u0131n kredileri \u00fcretimden ziyade t\u00fcketime y\u00f6nelik. Bir firma ticari kredi almakta zorlan\u0131rken, (temerr\u00fct riski d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck) \u00f6zellikle maa\u015f m\u00fc\u015fterileri kolayl\u0131kla t\u00fcketici kredisi alabiliyor. Bundan dolay\u0131d\u0131r ki, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l bankalar KOB\u0130\u2019lere kredi konusunda zorluk \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle ciddi ele\u015ftiriler ald\u0131lar. Bu ele\u015ftiriler ve \u015fik\u00e2yetler bitmi\u015f de\u011fil. Fakat bir bankan\u0131n t\u00fcketici kredisi veya kredi kart\u0131 verirken zorluk \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 duymad\u0131k. Yani bankalar\u0131m\u0131z maalesef, \u00fcretimden ziyade t\u00fcketimi finanse ediyorlar.<\/span><br style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rakamlar da bunu do\u011fruluyor. 2004 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda toplam 97,197 milyar TL\u2019lik kredi hacmi s\u00f6z konusuydu ve bunun sadece y\u00fczde 13,06\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketici kredileri olu\u015fturuyordu. Bug\u00fcn durum de\u011fi\u015fti. 2013 Ocak sonunda 799,120 milyar TL\u2019ye y\u00fckselen kredi hacmi i\u00e7inde t\u00fcketici kredileri y\u00fczde 24,71 paya sahip. Devam ediyorum\u2026 Banka bilan\u00e7olar\u0131n\u0131n pasifinde mevduat\u0131n pay\u0131 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 67,3 iken, 2011\u2019de y\u00fczde 56,4\u2019e geriledi. Bor\u00e7lanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a t\u00fcketim artt\u0131, tasarruf oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u00d6zellikle \u00f6zel kesimdeki tasarruf a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Ve ne yaz\u0131k ki, tasarruf a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zel kesimin daha fazla yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmas\u0131ndan de\u011fil, daha \u00e7ok t\u00fcketmesinden ve daha az tasarruf etmesinden kaynakland\u0131.<\/span><br style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Netice olarak, bu devran hep b\u00f6yle gitmez. Param\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc ve verimli kullanmak zorunday\u0131z. Aksi taktirde gelece\u011fimizi ipotek alt\u0131na al\u0131r\u0131z ki \u015fu anki durum buna do\u011fru gidiyor. Bir \u00e7ift s\u00f6z\u00fcm de kamu bankalar\u0131na: Eskiden \u2018h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin \u00e7iftli\u011fi\u2019 olmas\u0131ndan yak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kamu bankalar\u0131, sekt\u00f6re denge getirmeleri gerekirken, bu sefer de vatanda\u015f\u0131n aleyhine rekabeti ihlal ediyorlar. Olacak \u015fey de\u011fil&#8230;<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Halil \u0130. Y\u0131lmaz \u201c\u2026 2001 krizi sonras\u0131 izlenen politikalar ile konut ve otomobil harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik eden politikalar, tasarruf yerine t\u00fcketim yapma davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 cazip hale getirmi\u015ftir. Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn fon kaynak maliyetinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6reli olarak yine k\u00fcresel likidite bollu\u011fu nedeni ile yabanc\u0131 para cinsinden fonlara y\u00f6nelmesi bu e\u011filimin besleyicisi olmu\u015ftur. Yani hanehalk\u0131 art\u0131k bankalar\u0131n pasif &#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1366,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/683"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=683"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/683\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1367,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/683\/revisions\/1367"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1366"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=683"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=683"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}