{"id":699,"date":"2014-05-30T16:13:24","date_gmt":"2014-05-30T13:13:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/?p=699"},"modified":"2016-11-03T14:43:11","modified_gmt":"2016-11-03T12:43:11","slug":"sirketlerde-kurumsallasmanin-onemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/sirketlerde-kurumsallasmanin-onemi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u015e\u0130RKETLERDE KURUMSALLA\u015eMANIN \u00d6NEM\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

Halil \u0130. Y\u0131lmaz<\/strong><\/p>\n

 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin ba\u015f akt\u00f6r\u00fc ve itici g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r bir yandan d\u00fcnyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirirken di\u011fer yandan da bu de\u011fi\u015fimleri takip etmekte, pek \u00e7ok aray\u0131\u015fa ve yenili\u011fe y\u00f6nelmektedir. Bu d\u00f6nemde kurumsalla\u015fma, i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kurumsalla\u015fma; bir i\u015fletmenin, faaliyetlerini ki\u015filerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmadan s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesini ve geli\u015ftirebilmesini sa\u011flayan bir yap\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Bunun temel amac\u0131, firman\u0131n patron, y\u00f6netici, kritik personel vb. ki\u015filerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hale gelmesi ve s\u00fcreklili\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, i\u015fletmenin \u00f6nemli noktalar\u0131nda insan\u0131n olmayaca\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, fakat onlar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda aksama ya\u015fanmadan her \u015feyin kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden devam edebilmesi anlam\u0131na gelir. Bug\u00fcn i\u015fletmelerde patron a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bir y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00f6netimde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k noktas\u0131n\u0131n ekip \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na kayd\u0131\u011f\u0131, ki\u015fiye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n en aza indirgendi\u011fi bir anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fi bir ger\u00e7ektir.<\/b><\/p>\n

Kurumsalla\u015fma, i\u015fletmenin bir sistem haline gelmesidir. Kurumsalla\u015fma \u015firketin tamamen profesyonellere terk edilmesi, kontrol\u00fcn elden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 de\u011fil, \u015firketin kurallar\u0131, standartlar\u0131, prosed\u00fcrleri, kendisine \u00f6zg\u00fc de\u011ferleri, i\u015f yapma usul ve y\u00f6ntemleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imleri olmas\u0131 ve ki\u015filerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kalmas\u0131, yetki ve sorumluluklar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, profesyonel bir y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7ilmesi, aile ve i\u015f ili\u015fkilerinin birbirinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 demektir.<\/b><\/p>\n

Kurumsal bir firmada sistem, bireylere ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmadan kendi kendine y\u00fcr\u00fcr. Yani m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn izne ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir haftada i\u015fler arapsa\u00e7\u0131na d\u00f6nmez, y\u00e2da bir ustan\u0131n hastaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn, i\u015flerin yeti\u015ftirilememesi gibi bir durum olmaz. Herkesin i\u015fi bellidir ve sorun yaratabilecek durumlar\u0131n alternatifi vard\u0131r. \u00d6nemli olan i\u015ftir, g\u00f6revdir. \u0130\u015fe g\u00f6re eleman al\u0131n\u0131r, elemana g\u00f6re i\u015f yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz. B\u00f6yle bir firmada m\u00fcd\u00fcrler hatay\u0131 \u00f6nce sistemde ararlar.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki yakla\u015f\u0131k 700 bin i\u015fletmenin, 695 bini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletme (y\u00fczde 99,28), 4 bini orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletme (y\u00fczde 0,57), 1000 adedi ise b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmedir (y\u00fczde 0,14). T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kurulan bu i\u015fletmelerin maalesef b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 sistemli, planl\u0131 bir yap\u0131 ile kurulmazlar. Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu da aile \u015firketleridir. Belirli bir b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe kadar kurucu ve \u00e7evresindeki az say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 ile h\u0131zl\u0131 ilerleyen i\u015fletmeler, b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e daha b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin ne zaman ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fi ve bu durumda neler yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda planlar\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k\u00e7a tek tek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr ve i\u015fletme yoluna devam eder. Ancak b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl ve sistemli bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, i\u015fletme zamanla \u015fi\u015fmanlar, hatta “obez” halini al\u0131r ve kontrol\u00fc zorla\u015f\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda, kurucuya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak hayat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren i\u015fletme, ondan uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya onu kaybetti\u011finde krize girer. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da krizden \u00e7\u0131kamaz ve hayat\u0131 sona erer.<\/p>\n

Hi\u00e7bir \u015firket sadece aile fertleriyle y\u00f6netilemez. Y\u00f6netilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa y\u00f6netim zaaflar\u0131 do\u011far. Profesyonel y\u00f6neticilerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, tak\u0131m oyunu oynamak ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlardan verim almak meziyet ister. Kurumsalla\u015fma, belirsizli\u011fi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r, verimlili\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131r, profesyonelle\u015fmeyi ve \u015feffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fletmelerin geli\u015fmesi, uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olmas\u0131 ve ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in, kurumsalla\u015fma zorunludur. Kurumsalla\u015fman\u0131n olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015firketlerin ikinci ku\u015faktan sonra \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc tamamlamalar\u0131na neden oluyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zellikle aile \u015firketleri, ikinci ku\u015fakta \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcp da\u011f\u0131lmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yorlar ve bu \u015firketlerin sadece y\u00fczde 2\u2019si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ku\u015fa\u011fa ge\u00e7ebiliyor. \u201cAile i\u015fletmelerini birinci nesil kurar, ikinci nesil miras al\u0131r ve durumu idare eder, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc nesil ise bitirir.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

Aile \u015firketlerinin ancak y\u00fczde 2\u2019si, 3. ku\u015fa\u011fa ula\u015fabilirken, kurumsalla\u015famayan di\u011ferleri yok olmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda kurumsalla\u015famay\u0131p yok olan aile \u015firketlerinin, y\u00fczde 43’\u00fcn\u00fcn karde\u015fler aras\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131k, y\u00fczde 19’unun karde\u015f-ye\u011fen-kuzen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, y\u00fczde 19’unun miras kavgas\u0131, y\u00fczde 14’\u00fcn\u00fcn aileler aras\u0131 kavga, y\u00fczde 5’inin aile i\u00e7i \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma nedeniyle yok oldu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/b><\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka istatistik vermek gerekirse, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en eski 50 \u015firketinden kurumsalla\u015farak da\u011f\u0131lmadan 4. ku\u015fa\u011fa ge\u00e7ebilen \u015firket say\u0131s\u0131 3\u2019t\u00fcr. <\/b>Di\u011ferleri ise, ya da\u011f\u0131l\u0131p gitmi\u015ftir ya da hen\u00fcz 4. ku\u015fa\u011fa gelebilecek kadar eski bir \u015firket de\u011fildir. D\u00fcnyada ise, \u00e7ok g\u00fczel kurumsalla\u015fma \u00f6rnekleri vard\u0131r: Japon Kongo Gumi in\u015faat \u015firketi, 1434 y\u0131l \u00f6nce 578 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur ve bug\u00fcn 40. ku\u015fak i\u015fba\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yine Japon Hoshi \u015firketi 718 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olup, bug\u00fcn 46\u2019\u0131nc\u0131 ku\u015fak \u015firketin ba\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u015earap ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile u\u011fra\u015fan Frans\u0131z Chateau de Goulaine \u015firketi 1000 y\u0131l\u0131nda, zeytinya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcreten \u0130talyan Barone Ricasoli \u015firketi 1114 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/b> Liste bu \u015fekilde uzay\u0131p gidiyor. Bu \u015firketlerin ortak \u00f6zellikleri kurumsalla\u015fabilmeleridir.<\/p>\n

Netice olarak, insan\u0131n \u00f6zel hayat\u0131nda duygusall\u0131k \u00f6n planda olabilir, ancak i\u015f hayat\u0131nda kurallar h\u00e2kim olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n temel kural\u0131 ise planl\u0131 olmakt\u0131r.<\/b> Hangi g\u00fcn ne yapaca\u011f\u0131 belli olmayan, nerede sabah orada ak\u015fam bir hayat ya\u015fayan bir insan\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Ba\u015far\u0131 hi\u00e7bir yerde tesad\u00fcf\u00ee de\u011fildir; planl\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. <\/b><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Halil \u0130. Y\u0131lmaz  21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin ba\u015f akt\u00f6r\u00fc ve itici g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r bir yandan d\u00fcnyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirirken di\u011fer yandan da bu de\u011fi\u015fimleri takip etmekte, pek \u00e7ok aray\u0131\u015fa ve yenili\u011fe y\u00f6nelmektedir. Bu d\u00f6nemde kurumsalla\u015fma, i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kurumsalla\u015fma; bir i\u015fletmenin, faaliyetlerini ki\u015filerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmadan s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesini ve geli\u015ftirebilmesini sa\u011flayan …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1361,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/699"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=699"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/699\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1362,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/699\/revisions\/1362"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=699"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tesam.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}